Newtonian Mechanics

Newtonian mechanics, also known as classical mechanics, is a branch of physics that describes the motion of objects under the influence of forces. It was developed by Sir Isaac Newton in the 17th century and is based on his three laws of motion.

1. The First Law of Motion states that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.

2. The Second Law of Motion states that the acceleration of an object is proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. This can be expressed as $\bm{F} = m\bm{a}$, where $\bm{F}$ is force, $m$ is mass and $\bm{a}$ is acceleration.

3. The Third Law of Motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that if two objects interact, they will apply equal and opposite forces on each other.

Newton's laws of motion are used to describe the motion of objects in everyday life, as well as in complex systems such as planetary motion, the motion of objects in space, and the behavior of fluids. The principles of Newtonian mechanics also form the basis for many areas of physics, including classical mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism.